Moko Sari In Fiji |
March 22nd, 2006
Fijian Skinks
Known generally in Fijian as mokosari (Serua, Suva, Wainibuka, Lau) or sari (Rewa, tailevu, Cakaudrove, Taveuni, Cakaudrove, Taveuni), skinks are in the scientific Phlum Chordata, Class Reptilia, Order Squamata, Suborder Sauria, Family Scinicidae (Gray 1825). There are over 1200 species of skink in 75 genera around the world and skinks are one the largest families. They are widespread throughout the Pacific, the forests of Africa, and Indo-Australia. Skinks are successful colonizers of the Pacific Islands and occur on most, if not all, islands of several hectares or larger.
Skinks are slim lizards with smooth, shiny scales over their elongate cylindrical body. They have short necks and their legs are very small. Most skinks are striped but they may also be banded, spotted, or uniformly colored. Skinks are quite small lizards usually not more than 200mm in total length, although some giant skinks can be greater than 300mm. Their heads are conical and they have round pupils.
Most species have slender tapering tails that are easily broken if caught by a predator but their tails can regenerate (autonomy). The loss of tail does little harm to the skink as the caudal artery quickly closes to prevent excessive bleeding and the break does not occur between the tail bones (vertebrae). Some skinks have brightly colored tails to attract predators away from their head and body, especially in their juvenile phase. Females may retain their brightly colored tails but males will change to a more sombre colour. If the tail is grabbed, it will break off and the skink can then escape. A new tail will regenerate but it will not be identical to the original because it is made up of fibrocartiliaginious rods and nonsegmental mescle rather than skeletal vertebrae. Further more, the colouration of the scales is usually dull or altered indicating the animal has lost its original tail.
Skinks are normally quite secretive, especially the arboreal ones living in trees, like the Fijian green tree skink (Emoia concolor). The most common skinks are seen during the day on the ground either lying on elevated ground litter, on rock surfaces, near logs or scuttling under the vegetation and debris. They can move very quickly after basking in the sun. The skinks in Fiji are insectivorous, although elsewhere some larger skinks are herbivorous. About 55% of the skinks are oviparous, that is, they lay eggs in small clutches. The other 45% give birth to live offspring: they are viviparous.
Fiji has twelve species of skink, 50% are only found in Fiji (endemic), while the others are widely distributed throughout the Pacific. The four skinks featured in this set of stamps are Cryptoblepharus eximius (Pygmy snake-eyed skink) which is endemic to Fiji, Enoia cyanura (Brown -tailed copper-striped skink), Emoia nigra (Pacific black skink) and Emoia caeruleocauda (Pacific blue-tailed skink) which are all native to Fiji.
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Cryptoblepharus eximius (18 cent stamp) Cryptoblepharus eximius is commonly found in coastal locations throughout Fiji (on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu, Lomaiviti and Lau Group of Islands). They are Fiji's smallest skink, not growing much more than 40 mm (snout-vent length, SVL). They can be seen basking on rocks, on raised vegetation and scrub, and in open ares of habitat. They are diurnal and have a broad colored dorsal stripe (copper brown) on the head which fades to grey on the neck. They have four alternating black and silver dorsal stripes running from the eye to midbody. Their ventral surface is grey-olive. Their most distinguishing feature is that they do not possess movable eyelids, unlike the other skinks. Their eyes do not close as their transparent eyelids are fused together. They are oviparous producing a single ellipsoidal egg.
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Emoia cyanura (58 cent stamp) Emoia cyanura is the most abundant and widespread skink in the Pacific. Its distribution goes from the Admiralty and Bismarck Islands to Easter Island and as far north as Hawai'i. In Fiji on islands greater than 1 hectare, it is found in dense areas of vegetation, in open areas, on tree hunks and on bushes. Adults are 39-56mm (SVL) or up to 120mm (in total length) . They are brightly colored with black and copper longitudinal stripes on their head and back. Juveniles have a turquoise colored tail which later changes to copper-brown in adults. Their ventral surface is ivory white to a muddy copper white. Emoia cyanura is very similar to Emoia impar but their anterior loreal scale is wider than it is tall, whereas the anterior loreal on E. impar is taller than it is wide. On E. cyanura the dorsal scales also have a slightly different pattern compared to E. impar. They produce two ellipsoidal eggs in a nest.
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Emoia nigra ($1.15 stamp) Emoia nigra is found in Samoa, Tonga, the Solomons, Vanuatu and Fiji. It was once present on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu but is now only found on mongoose-free islands in Taveuni, the Lomaiviti group and the northern Lau group. It is a reasonable large lizard up to 112mm SVL (or 250mm in total length) and is often seen in thick vegetation or on logs and rocks in the forest. They may occasionally be found in secondary growth and gardens where vegetations is present,. They climb trees with little effort, especially in the persuit of prey or when it is disturbed. Emoia nigra is a uniformly colored black skink. Although their ventral surfaces and their tail can be a dark brown. They often bask in the sun on branches around 1m but never really venture more than a few meters above the ground. They mainly eat insects, spiders and other small lizards. They lay 2-4 ellipsoidal leathery-shelled eggs.
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Emoia caeruleocauda ($3 stamp) Emoia caeruleocauda ($3 stamp) is found on islands off the coast of Sabah, East Malaysia (Borneo), as well as parts of Sulawesi, marianas, Guam, the Southern Phillippines, Marshall Islands, New Guinea, and eastwards to the Soolomon Islands of Fiji. It is known on Taveuni and Viti Lev. Adults can reach up to 65mm (SVL) and inhabits coastal areas. It spends most of its time on the coastal ground. But will explore the base of the tree trunks in search of food prey. The most common place to find it are on the base of Tavola trees( terminalia catappa), vuturakaraka trees or fish poison tree (arringtonia asiatica) and coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) It can also be seen on houses and man-made structures. It has alternating dark and light stripes along the length of its body and their tail is either blue or gray. They normally have 2 eggs.
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| Values | 18c, 58c, $1.15, $3.00 |
| Artist | George Bennett |
| Text | Graig G.Morley |
| Printer | Southern Color Print, NZ |
| Process | Offset Lithography |
| Stamp Size | 44 x 28 mm |
| Paper | 104g Tullis Russell Non-phosphor Gummed Stamp Paper |
| Stamp Format | Landscape |
Period of sale - The stamps of this issue will remain on sale at the Post Office and Philatelic Bureau for an indefinite period or until replaced by a new series.
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