In Guatemala, locals
apparently say a good meal is "an avacado, four or five tortillas
and a cup of coffee". The avacado is popular in Central America,
since it's the most nutritious of all fruits, rich in Vitamins A and
B, and has three times the protein of apples and pears.
In fact, the avacado
is popular everywhere, now grown in most tropical and sub-tropical countries
and sold worldwide. And like the other three fruits in this Fiji Philatelic
issue, all of which are green and less colourful than bananas or mangos,
some people would hardly consider them fruit.
But botanically, fruit they are. The avacado - Persea Americana - was
carried from Central America by the Spanish conquerors of Mexico; its
name a corruption of the Aztec word ahuacatl or testicle. The pear-shaped
fruit has a buttery, yellow flesh. So buttery, in fact, that in Fiji
during February and March, locals use it as a butter-substitute on their
bread. It has been a dietary staple of Central and South America for
centuries, but is extensively cultivated in Polynesia, North America
and the warmer regions of Europe as a salad fruit, with the oil used
as a base in cosmetics. Persea drymifolia, native to Mexico, has a smooth
and thin green skin and is one of three subspecies.
Fiji children would
disagree, but the Otaheiti apple, called Wi in Fijian, Amra in Fiji
Hindi and Spondias cytherea or Spondias dulcis by its botanical name,
is probably the least-written-about fruit of the series. And yet it
is a member of a huge family, with some 500 species that include mangos,
cashew and pistachio nuts, even the less-desirable poison ivy. The oval-shaped,
green-skinned fruit has a tangy taste, and is popular with the country's
Indian community as a pickled condiment, when, still green, tart and
sour, it is cut into slices, sun dried, added to mustard seeds and oil,
chillies and garlic and made into 'archar', a tasty accent to curry
dishes. It has been likened to an 'inferior mango'. Be that as it may,
a market 'heap' lasts in any house with children for only a few minutes.
It is a native fruit of Polynesia (Tahiti was first known as 'Otaheiti')
and is a common Polynesian and South Pacific market commodity.
Breadfruit must
be cooked; more like a vegetable than a fruit, and has a dark, smooth
skin. Often confused with breadnut, which has a spikey skin, their difference
to the connoisseur is that one has seeds (the breadnut) and the other
doesn't. Breadfruit - Artocarpus altilis - is an important food crop
of the South Pacific and is grown throughout the humid tropics. Sir
Joseph Banks, Capt. Cook and other travellers in Polynesia brought back
descriptions of locals "gathering bread as a fruit" and West
Indian planters, seeking a staple diet for their labourers, petitioned
King George III to mount an expedition for its collection. The rest
is history: Lieutenant William Bligh was sent to Tahiti to collect the
plants; sailed on the Bounty in 1789 from Tahiti with more than one
thousand trees, and survived the mutiny which brought not only his name
to the public eye, but breadfruit. Bligh returned to Tahiti in 1792
and, this time, carried plants to Jamaica and St. Vincent. Called uto
in Fijian, the fruit is boiled, roasted, or cut into chips and fried,
and the tree, which may reach 18 metres in height, was in past years
valued as a good wood for building canoes.
Jakfruit - Artocarpus
heterophyllus or Artocarpus integra - was imported from India, where
it was said to be the "food of sages and philosophers". The
largest of all cultivated fruits (a Jakfruit can sometimes weigh 35kg),
the fibrous core is not eaten, but the egg-shaped seeds, covered with
a juicy flesh with an almost-pineapple-like odour and sweet flesh, is
a favourite in many Indo-Fijian curries and other culinary preparations.
The fruit comes from such a substantial shade tree that one botanist
declared the tree "deserves to be a garden ornamental" and
the thick latex from the fruit was, in times past, used commonly as
caulking material for canoes. In addition to curries, the seeds are
sometimes roasted and eaten like chestnuts.